Kehwa for Athletes โ Pre-Workout or Post-Workout Drink?
Discover the science behind Kashmiri Kehwa โ how this 600-year-old blend of green tea, saffron, cinnamon, and almonds can prime your body before a workout AND heal it after one.
Introduction
Every few years, the sports nutrition world gets flipped upside down by something ancient.
Creatine was a staple of Ayurvedic medicine long before Western labs bottled it. Turmeric sat in South Asian kitchens for 4,000 years before athletes started calling it an "anti-inflammatory superfood." And now, quietly but powerfully, a 600-year-old Kashmiri tea called Kehwa is showing up in the conversations of coaches, endurance runners, and recovery-focused gym-goers.
In our experience working with Kashmiri ingredients over the years, we have watched Kehwa shift from being a warming cup of comfort to something much more interesting โ a sophisticated, multi-ingredient sports beverage with measurable effects on both performance and recovery.
But here is the question every athlete asks us: Should I drink it before or after my workout?
The short answer? Both. But the why behind that answer is where things get genuinely fascinating.
To understand what Kashmiri Kehwa really is and what it is made of, you first need to stop thinking of it as just a flavored tea. Traditional Kehwa is a synergistic blend โ green tea leaves, hand-picked Kashmiri saffron, cinnamon, cardamom, cloves, crushed almonds or walnuts, and raw honey. Each one of those ingredients has its own distinct job inside your body. Put them together, and you get something the sports science world would call a multicomponent ergogenic aid โ meaning a natural substance that can genuinely improve athletic performance or recovery.
Let us break it all down, ingredient by ingredient, phase by phase.
Deconstructing the Kehwa Matrix: A Nutritional Powerhouse
Before we talk about timing, let us understand what is actually going into your body when you drink authentic Kehwa.
Most people assume it is basically just green tea with some spices. That is a significant underestimate.
More Than Just Flavored Tea
A properly brewed cup of traditional Kashmiri Kehwa is not a zero-calorie drink. One serving provides approximately 169 calories, with around 17.6g of carbohydrates, 3.3g of protein, and 9.43g of healthy fats โ mostly from the crushed nuts. That makes it a legitimate, slow-burning fuel source, not a watery afterthought.
For athletes, the micronutrient profile matters just as much as the macronutrients (the big three โ carbs, protein, fat). Kehwa delivers approximately 14% of your daily value for magnesium (a mineral essential for muscle contraction and nerve signaling) and 4% daily value for potassium (a key electrolyte lost through sweat) from the crushed Kashmiri Mamra almonds alone. You also get a solid hit of Vitamin E โ around 55% of your daily value โ which is a powerful fat-soluble antioxidant (a molecule that protects your cells from damage).
The Four Active Bio-Compounds That Actually Do the Work
Think of Kehwa as having four "active teams" working inside it:
- EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate) โ pronounced ee-jee-see-jee โ from the green tea base. This is the most pharmacologically active (most biologically powerful) catechin (a type of plant antioxidant) in tea. It drives fat burning and antioxidant protection.
- Crocin and Safranal from Kashmiri saffron. Crocin is what gives saffron its deep red color and is a potent anti-inflammatory (inflammation fighter) and antioxidant. Safranal is the compound responsible for saffron's distinct aroma and has neuroprotective (brain-protecting) properties.
- Cinnamaldehyde from cinnamon. This is the main active compound in cinnamon, and it has a remarkable ability to mimic insulin and improve how your body processes sugar โ which is especially relevant post-workout.
- L-Theanine โ a unique amino acid (a building block of proteins) found almost exclusively in green tea leaves. Its job? To work with caffeine to produce a type of focus your brain almost never gets from any other source.
If you want to understand more about the incredible health benefits that Kashmiri saffron contributes to this blend, we have covered that in deep scientific detail separately.
Key Takeaways
- Kehwa is not zero-calorie โ one serving has ~169 kcal with healthy fats, carbs, and protein
- It delivers 14% daily magnesium and 55% daily Vitamin E per serving
- Four core bio-compounds: EGCG, crocin/safranal, cinnamaldehyde, and L-theanine
- Each ingredient has a distinct, science-backed function for the athletic body
Explore Authentic Kashmiri Kehwa
Brewed from real Kashmiri green tea, hand-picked saffron, and premium whole spices. No artificial flavors. No shortcuts.
Buy Kehwa Now!Kehwa as a Pre-Workout Drink
The Science of "Calm Alertness" โ and Why It Beats Your Energy Drink
Here is something most athletes do not know: the caffeine in Kehwa is not the same experience as the caffeine in a pre-workout powder or a double espresso.
Green tea naturally contains L-theanine, and when L-theanine is present alongside caffeine, it does something remarkable to your brain. Research published in the Journal of Nutrition found that the L-theanine and caffeine combination significantly improved accuracy during task-switching and self-reported alertness while simultaneously reducing tiredness โ effects that neither compound achieved alone. L-theanine is known to increase alpha brain wave activity, a frequency (8โ14 Hz) in the brain associated with what scientists call "calm alertness" โ you are focused, sharp, and in control, but your nervous system is not screaming.
A standard cup of Kehwa provides a moderate 20โ45 mg of caffeine, far below the 95โ200 mg found in coffee. But because of L-theanine, that modest dose of caffeine produces focus without the jitters, heart-pounding anxiety, or mid-workout energy crash that synthetic pre-workouts are notorious for.
In our experience, athletes who switch to Kehwa as a pre-workout almost universally report the same thing: "I can actually think during my training session." That is the L-theanine + caffeine synergy at work.
How Kehwa Forces Your Body to Burn Fat โ The EGCG Mechanism
This is where the real sports science gets exciting.
The EGCG in the green tea base of Kehwa works through a specific biochemical pathway. It inhibits an enzyme called COMT (Catechol-O-Methyltransferase) โ think of COMT as a "degradation enzyme," meaning it breaks down and removes a hormone called norepinephrine from your bloodstream. Norepinephrine (also called noradrenaline) is the primary hormonal signal that tells your fat cells to release stored fat for energy.
By blocking COMT, EGCG keeps norepinephrine circulating longer, which stimulates your sympathetic nervous system (your "fight or flight" system) to push your body toward using fat as its primary fuel source during exercise.
A landmark double-blind, crossover study published in PubMed found that average fat oxidation rates were 17% higher after green tea extract ingestion compared to placebo during moderate-intensity cycling exercise. Fat oxidation simply means "the rate at which your body burns fat for energy." A 17% increase is not a small number โ that is a meaningful metabolic shift.
For endurance athletes in particular, this is enormously valuable. When your body is burning more fat for fuel, it is simultaneously sparing your intramuscular glycogen (the stored form of carbohydrates inside your muscles). Glycogen is your high-octane, limited-quantity fuel. When it runs out, performance drops off a cliff โ this is what marathon runners call "hitting the wall." By encouraging fat oxidation, Kehwa helps push that wall further away.
Raw Honey: Your Pre-Workout Carbohydrate With Perfect Timing
The raw honey in Kehwa is not just a sweetener. It is, nutritionally speaking, a precision-engineered carbohydrate delivery system.
Raw honey contains roughly equal parts fructose and glucose โ two different types of sugar that use entirely separate absorption channels in your gut. This means they are absorbed simultaneously rather than queuing up and competing. The result is an immediate and sustained energy release without the sharp insulin spike (the sudden blood sugar surge that leads to a crash) that pure glucose or refined sugar would cause.
For pre-workout nutrition, this makes honey one of the most effective natural carbohydrate sources available. To learn more about how raw honey specifically benefits athletes, check out our detailed guide.
Cardamom and Cloves: The Thermogenic Bonus
Cardamom and cloves both contain compounds that act as mild thermogenics โ meaning they slightly increase your body's core temperature and energy expenditure (calorie burn). While the effect is not dramatic, it contributes to the overall metabolic priming effect of pre-workout Kehwa.
Pre-Workout Timing Rule
Drink your Kehwa 30โ60 minutes before training. This allows caffeine and EGCG levels to peak in your bloodstream right as your workout begins. Do not rush it.
Kehwa as a Post-Workout Recovery Drink
Saffron and the DOMS Breakthrough
DOMS stands for Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness. It is that deep, achy stiffness that creeps in 24โ72 hours after a hard training session. It happens because intense exercise โ especially movements where your muscles are lengthening under load (called eccentric contractions, like the lowering phase of a squat) โ creates microscopic tears in your muscle fibers. Those micro-tears trigger an inflammatory response as the body repairs itself.
Most athletes reach for NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) like ibuprofen or indomethacin to manage this. But here is where our premium Kashmiri Saffron Mongra starts doing something clinically remarkable.
A 10-day, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study published in the Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine tested 300 mg of saffron daily against indomethacin (a prescription-strength NSAID) in managing post-exercise DOMS. The results were striking. The saffron group showed significantly decreased concentrations of CK (Creatine Kinase) and LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase) โ two proteins that leak out of damaged muscle cells and are used as markers of muscle damage. The higher these are, the worse the damage. Saffron brought them down dramatically.
Here is what made the finding genuinely surprising: no pain was reported in the saffron group, whereas the indomethacin group still experienced pain before the 72-hour mark. In the saffron group, there was also no decline in maximum isometric and isotonic forces (muscle strength measurements) after eccentric exercise โ meaning saffron protected muscle function while suppressing inflammation.
And unlike NSAIDs, which some research suggests can interfere with long-term muscle protein synthesis (the process through which your muscles actually grow and repair), saffron reduces inflammation without getting in the way of muscle building. That is a clinically meaningful distinction.
Cinnamon: Shuttling Nutrients Directly Into Your Muscles
After a workout, your muscles are like empty tanks desperately trying to refill their glycogen stores. The rate at which they do this depends heavily on insulin sensitivity โ how efficiently your cells respond to the insulin signal that tells them to absorb glucose from the bloodstream.
Cinnamon contains cinnamaldehyde, which has a well-documented ability to mimic insulin action and enhance insulin sensitivity. In practical terms: the cinnamon in your post-workout Kehwa, combined with the natural carbohydrates from raw honey, creates a rapid and efficient glycogen repletion window โ the nutrients go into your muscle cells rather than being stored as body fat.
EGCG as a Free Radical Scavenger
When you exercise intensely, your body produces Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) โ often called "free radicals." These are unstable molecules that can damage cell membranes, proteins, and even your DNA if left unchecked. The harder you train, the more ROS your body generates.
The EGCG in the green tea base of Kehwa, alongside the crocin from saffron, acts as a powerful antioxidant โ essentially a molecular "clean-up crew" that neutralizes these free radicals before they cause oxidative damage. This is one of the reasons that highly trained athletes often show lower markers of oxidative stress than untrained individuals: their bodies have adapted to generate better antioxidant defenses. Kehwa helps externally support that defense system.
Kashmiri Mamra Almonds: Your Natural Electrolyte Replacement
When you sweat heavily, you lose more than just water. You lose electrolytes โ primarily sodium, potassium, and magnesium. Most athletes either ignore this entirely or reach for sugar-loaded sports drinks to compensate.
The crushed Kashmiri Mamra Almonds that traditionally top a bowl of Kehwa are rich in both magnesium (critical for muscle contraction and preventing cramps) and potassium (essential for proper nerve signaling and fluid balance). This makes post-workout Kehwa a genuinely functional electrolyte replacement drink โ one that comes with protein and healthy fats attached.
Post-Workout Timing Rule
Consume Kehwa within 60 minutes of finishing your workout to capitalize on your body's peak nutrient absorption window. This is the golden period when your muscles are most receptive to refueling and repair.
| Factor | Pre-Workout Kehwa | Post-Workout Kehwa |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Role | Metabolic primer + focus | Muscle repair + recovery |
| Key Mechanism | EGCG โ Fat oxidation | Crocin โ DOMS reduction |
| Caffeine Effect | Focus + alertness | Gentle energy restoration |
| Saffron's Job | Antioxidant pre-protection | Active DOMS prevention |
| Cinnamon's Job | Mild thermogenesis | Insulin sensitivity + glycogen refill |
| Honey's Job | Pre-exercise sustained fuel | Post-exercise glycogen restock |
| Best Timing | 30โ60 min before workout | Within 60 min after workout |
The Holistic Edge: Hydration, Immunity, and Thermoregulation
Busting the Dehydration Myth
One of the most persistent myths in sports nutrition is that caffeinated drinks dehydrate you. This gets applied to green tea, which is simply not accurate.
Green tea is approximately 99% water. Research has shown that in normal, moderate doses, it hydrates the body just as effectively as plain water. The mild diuretic (fluid-eliminating) effect of caffeine only becomes relevant at very high doses โ far beyond what Kehwa's 20โ45 mg provides.
For athletes worried about hydration, Kehwa is not a threat. It is a contributor.
Closing the "Open Window" of Immune Vulnerability
There is a well-documented phenomenon in sports science called the "open window" theory. Immediately after a high-intensity training session, your immune system is temporarily suppressed โ you are more vulnerable to upper respiratory tract infections, viruses, and bacterial invaders for a period of several hours. Elite athletes who train twice a day are particularly susceptible.
The EGCG in green tea, the eugenol (a powerful antibacterial compound) in cloves, and the antibacterial and antiviral enzymes in raw honey all work together to provide a multi-layered immune defense during this vulnerable window. You are not just recovering your muscles โ you are shielding your immune system.
Temperature Regulation for Outdoor Athletes
For athletes who train in cold environments โ mountain runners, cyclists in winter, high-altitude trekkers โ hot Kehwa prevents core temperature drops that lead to shivering and muscular inefficiency. Interestingly, research also suggests that in dry and windy hot environments, consuming warm fluids can actually stimulate a disproportionately large sweating response, leading to a net cooling effect on the body. This makes Kehwa versatile across climate extremes.
The Golden Rules of Brewing Kehwa for Athletes
This section might be the most practically important in the entire article, because you can choose the best ingredient in the world and destroy its benefits with one simple mistake.
The Temperature Trap โ Why Boiling Water Is Your Enemy
When we first started studying Kehwa's nutritional properties, one of the most shocking discoveries was how badly traditional "boiling everything together" preparation methods damage the very compounds that make Kehwa valuable.
EGCG (your fat-burning, antioxidant compound) is heat-sensitive. Water temperatures above 85ยฐC (185ยฐF) begin to degrade and denature (break down the structure of) the EGCG molecules. Pour boiling water (100ยฐC) directly onto green tea leaves and you have just destroyed a significant portion of the compound you are trying to consume.
Crocin in saffron is similarly fragile. Boiling saffron strips away its bioactive potency and can produce bitter, harsh flavors.
Raw honey is perhaps the most sensitive of all. Raw honey contains natural enzymes โ particularly diastase, an enzyme that helps digest starch โ along with hydrogen peroxide compounds and beneficial phytonutrients. Temperatures above 40โ45ยฐC can begin destroying these enzymes. Adding raw honey to actively boiling water is functionally equivalent to heating it into regular processed honey.
The Athlete's Brewing Protocol
Step 1: Boil water. Add your hard spices โ cinnamon stick, cardamom pods, cloves โ and let them simmer for 3โ5 minutes. Step 2: Turn off the heat. Let it cool to approximately 80โ85ยฐC (you can test this: the water should be steaming but not violently boiling). Step 3: Add green tea leaves and saffron. Steep for 3โ4 minutes. Step 4: Strain into your cup. Add raw honey only after the liquid has cooled enough to sip comfortably. Never add honey to liquid hot enough to burn your tongue.
For a complete, step-by-step brewing tutorial, check out our guide on the best time to drink Kehwa and how to prepare it properly.
The Iron Absorption Warning
This is a warning that almost no mainstream Kehwa article mentions, but for endurance athletes โ especially runners, cyclists, and female athletes โ it is critical.
The tannins (a type of polyphenol) in green tea, including the EGCG itself, have a documented ability to bind to non-heme iron โ the plant-based form of iron found in foods like spinach, lentils, and fortified cereals โ and prevent it from being absorbed through your gut wall. Studies have shown this can reduce iron absorption by up to 64% when green tea is consumed with an iron-rich meal.
Why does this matter for athletes? Iron is a core component of hemoglobin (the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to your muscles). Low iron means lower oxygen delivery, which means faster fatigue and lower endurance capacity.
The Rule: Drink Kehwa at least 1 hour away from iron-rich meals. If you cannot avoid pairing them, add a squeeze of fresh lemon juice to your Kehwa โ the Vitamin C in lemon counteracts the tannin-iron binding effect.
Sleep Hygiene: Protect Your Recovery at Night
Caffeine has a half-life of approximately 5โ6 hours in most adults. This means that if you consume caffeine at 4 PM, roughly half of it is still active in your bloodstream at 9โ10 PM. Since most muscle repair, hormonal restoration, and tissue regeneration happens during deep sleep โ specifically during the slow-wave and REM sleep phases when growth hormone (a key muscle-building hormone) is released โ any sleep disruption directly undermines your gains.
The Rule: Do not drink Kehwa within 6โ8 hours of your intended bedtime. If you train in the evening, our sugar-free Kehwa is an excellent option โ but time it carefully.
For athletes interested in combining multiple Kashmiri superfoods for performance, you may also want to read about dry fruits for gym training โ a science-backed pre and post workout guide.
Not Right for Everyone
Athletes with iron deficiency anemia should be especially cautious about Kehwa timing relative to meals. Pregnant athletes should note that high saffron doses above culinary levels are contraindicated. If you are on blood thinners or prescription NSAIDs, consult your physician before adding saffron-rich Kehwa to your daily protocol, as both have anti-inflammatory and mild anticoagulant properties.
The Final Verdict: A Dual-Purpose Peri-Workout Tonic
The question was simple: pre-workout or post-workout?
The answer is more sophisticated than that.
As a pre-workout drink, Kashmiri Kehwa is a metabolic primer. The L-theanine and caffeine synergy sharpens your focus and reaction time without jitters. The EGCG shifts your metabolism toward fat oxidation, sparing your glycogen stores. The honey fuels your session with steady, non-spiking energy. Consumed 30โ60 minutes before training, it primes your body and brain for performance.
As a post-workout drink, it transforms into a restorative agent. Saffron blunts DOMS and protects muscle strength more effectively than some prescription NSAIDs โ without blocking muscle protein synthesis. Cinnamon enhances insulin sensitivity to rapidly replenish glycogen. EGCG and crocin scavenge the free radicals generated by exercise. The crushed almonds replace the electrolytes lost in sweat. Consumed within 60 minutes of finishing your workout, it accelerates the entire recovery cascade.
This is what makes Kehwa genuinely unique in the landscape of natural sports nutrition. It is not a single-purpose supplement. It is a periodized, intelligent, functional beverage that adapts to what your body needs โ before the session and after it.
Modern athletes spend thousands on supplements that do one thing. Kehwa, brewed correctly from premium ingredients, does many things simultaneously โ and has been doing so for 600 years.
Ready to Make Kehwa Your Workout Advantage?
Premium Kashmiri Kehwa, with real saffron and traditional spices โ crafted for modern wellness seekers.
Buy Kehwa Now!Frequently Asked Questions
Can I drink Kehwa as a pre-workout every day?
Yes, for most healthy adults, daily Kehwa consumption is safe and beneficial. However, because it contains caffeine, avoid consuming it within 6โ8 hours of bedtime to protect your sleep quality. Athletes with iron deficiency should also separate it from iron-rich meals by at least 1 hour.
How much Kehwa should I drink before a workout?
One well-brewed cup (approximately 200โ250 ml) consumed 30โ60 minutes before your training session is the sweet spot. More than two cups may push caffeine into a range that causes jitteriness or elevated heart rate in sensitive individuals.
Does Kehwa have enough caffeine to replace a pre-workout supplement?
It depends on your goals. If you want calm focus, sustained energy, and metabolic benefits without the anxiety of a high-stimulant pre-workout, Kehwa is a genuine upgrade. If you are training for maximal strength output in a single session and rely on aggressive stimulants, Kehwa will feel milder. Many athletes actually prefer this.
Can I drink Kehwa immediately after a workout?
Yes โ post-workout Kehwa should ideally be consumed within 60 minutes of finishing your session to take advantage of the metabolic recovery window. Just ensure the honey is added after the liquid cools to avoid destroying its enzymes.
Does the saffron in Kehwa actually make a difference for recovery?
According to clinical trial data published in the Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 300 mg of saffron daily significantly reduced creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase concentrations โ markers of muscle damage โ with no pain reported in the saffron group after eccentric exercise. This is a measurable, clinically significant effect.
Is Kehwa suitable for female athletes?
Yes, with one note of caution: saffron in high, supplemental doses is not recommended during pregnancy. For non-pregnant female athletes, Kehwa is entirely appropriate and may also help with pre-menstrual mood and energy fluctuations given saffron's well-documented effects on mood regulation.
Why should I avoid boiling water when making Kehwa for sports purposes?
Temperatures above 85ยฐC destroy EGCG (the key fat-burning antioxidant in green tea), damage the crocin in saffron, and denature the enzymes in raw honey โ the three most important bioactive components for athletic benefit. Always add green tea, saffron, and honey after the water has cooled slightly from boiling.
Continue Your Journey
What Is Kashmiri Kehwa? Ingredients, History & Benefits
The complete origin story and ingredient breakdown of authentic Kehwa
Health Benefits of Kashmiri Saffron
Deep dive into the science behind saffron's most powerful compounds
Best Time to Drink Kehwa & How to Prepare It
Master the brewing protocol that preserves every bioactive compound
Shilajit for Athletes: Boost Performance & Recovery
Explore another Kashmiri powerhouse known for stamina and endurance
Dry Fruits for Gym: Science-Backed Pre & Post Workout Guide
How Kashmiri dry fruits like almonds and walnuts support training
Medical Disclaimer
The information provided in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute medical or sports nutrition advice. The scientific studies referenced are cited to provide context, not to make health claims about any specific product. Individual responses to dietary interventions may vary. Athletes with pre-existing medical conditions, those who are pregnant, or those taking prescription medications should consult a qualified healthcare provider or registered sports dietitian before making any changes to their nutrition protocol. Saffron in high supplemental doses (above culinary amounts) may interact with certain medications. This content is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease or medical condition.
Scientific References & Sources
- 1 Venables MC et al. Green tea extract ingestion, fat oxidation, and glucose tolerance in healthy humans. Average fat oxidation rates were 17% higher after GTE ingestion during moderate-intensity cycling exercise. View Study
- 2 Hodgson AB, Randell RK, Jeukendrup AE. The effect of green tea extract on fat oxidation at rest and during exercise: evidence of efficacy and proposed mechanisms. Comprehensive review of EGCG mechanisms in fat metabolism. View Study
- 3 Gahreman D et al. Green Tea, Intermittent Sprinting Exercise, and Fat Oxidation. GTE significantly elevated fat oxidation during steady state exercise by 17% relative to placebo. View Study
- 4 Meamarbashi A, Rajabi A. Preventive Effects of 10-Day Supplementation With Saffron and Indomethacin on the Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 2015. Saffron (300 mg/d) significantly reduced CK and LDH with no pain reported vs. indomethacin group. View Study
- 5 Owen GN et al. The combination of L-theanine and caffeine improves cognitive performance and increases subjective alertness. 97 mg L-theanine + 40 mg caffeine significantly improved accuracy during task switching. View Study
- 6 Kelly SP et al. L-Theanine and Caffeine in Combination Affect Human Cognition as Evidenced by Oscillatory alpha-Band Activity. Journal of Nutrition, 2008. Evidence of synergistic relationship between L-theanine and caffeine on attention. View Study
- 7 Dashwood & Visioli. l-theanine: From tea leaf to trending supplement โ does the science match the hype for brain health and relaxation? ScienceDirect, 2025. L-theanine increases alpha waves associated with relaxation and selective attention. View Study
- 8 Hursel R, Viechtbauer W, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. The effects of green tea on weight loss and weight maintenance: a meta-analysis. International Journal of Obesity. Green tea catechins and their role in fat oxidation and thermogenesis. View Study
- 9 NCBI Bookshelf. Green Tea Catechins and Sport Performance. Antioxidants in Sport Nutrition. Comprehensive review of GTC mechanisms including COMT inhibition and fat oxidation during exercise. View Resource
- 10 Anderson RA et al. Cinnamon extract and polyphenols affect the expression of tristetraprolin, insulin receptor, and glucose transporter 4 in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. Cinnamaldehyde's insulin-mimicking and glucose uptake mechanisms. View Study
- 11 Higdon JV, Frei B. Tea catechins and polyphenols: health effects, metabolism, and antioxidant functions. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. Comprehensive review of EGCG antioxidant properties and ROS scavenging. View Study
- 12 Temme EH, Van Hoydonck PG. Tea consumption and iron status. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Tea tannins can reduce non-heme iron absorption by up to 64%. View Study
- 13 Astill C et al. Factors affecting the caffeine and polyphenol contents of black and green tea infusions. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Temperature effects on tea catechin stability and bioavailability. View Study
- 14 Grandjean AC et al. The effect of caffeinated, non-caffeinated, caloric and non-caloric beverages on hydration. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. Green tea hydrates as effectively as water in normal doses. View Study
- 15 Nieman DC, Wentz LM. The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defense system. Journal of Sport and Health Science. The "open window" theory of immune suppression following intense exercise. View Study

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